Impact of Deforestation on the Earth Essay - 1375 Words

Deforestation is the elimination of existing trees from the earth; attributable factors include urbanization, logging, ranching, and farming and to some extent land speculation. Land speculation can be included as cleared land is more valuable than forested land. Deforestation, done in the name of progress, and the long-term, devastating effects of it, is killing our planet. To understand the effects of deforestation one must understand the reasoning behind the decision to clear forestlands. Only in recent history, have studies been conducted to measure the impact that deforestation has placed upon the Earth. Urbanization, or the clearing of land to build, is deforestation done in the name of progress. Land has been cleared for†¦show more content†¦Another cause of deforestation is ranching and farming. Land must be cleared in order to cultivate crops or to raise livestock. Grazing land is needed to sustain cattle herds, sheep and goats. Also roads, highways and railroads are needed to transport crops once they are marketed and to transport livestock to slaughterhouses. Philip Fearnside also reports that much of the deforestation done by agriculture in Brazil in scale to the size of the operation, â€Å"The association of major swings in deforestation rate with macroeconomic factors such as money availability and inflation rate is one indication that much of the clearing is done by those who invest in medium to large cattle ranches, rather than by small farmers who use family labor† (Fearnside 682). Among the negative effects that deforestation has on the earth are global warming, greenhouse gas emissions, soil erosion and weather pattern changes. Global warming is the cause of more severe storms due to the warming of the ocean. The last few years of Atlantic hurricanes have increased in intensity due to warmer waters. The storms of the last decade have been more destructive than ever before. In addition, torrential flooding is also attributable to global warming; and with flooding, comes mudslides. In direct contrast to flooding are the many lakes, rivers and other bodies of water that are shrinking or have disappeared. The removal of trees is allowing for extraShow MoreRelatedDeforestation Is A World Without Trees?1486 Words   |  6 Pagesyou imagine a world without trees? Deforestation is one of the leading causes of environmental catastrophes, loss of biodiversity, climate change and soil erosion. â€Å"Over half of the world’s rainforests have been destroyed in the last 10,000 years or so,† according to the World Wild Life Fund (WWF). The majority of this loss has happened in the last 50 years, occurring simultaneously with a massive increase in the human population. Deforestation is hurting our earth, and therefore, we must demand forRead MoreDeforestation Is A Global Issue1630 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest is the cutting or burning down trees. Two main reasons the Amazon rainforest is being cleared is for raising cattle and growing crops (Figure 1). This is because the production of beef and soy has increased.1 The Amazon rainforest is located in countries throughout South America. The area this report will look at is Brazil, which is the largest country in the region. The majority of deforestation in the Amazon takes place in Brazil.2 There areRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution 1405 Words   |  6 Pagescontinued to increase and the need for natural resources also increased. Human populations used resources readily without worrying how their use could become harmful . Many impacts have been made to earth’s ecosystems due to human involvement and human alterations. The ecological problem at hand is that human actions are harmful to the Earth in various ways, and addressing these potential risks is crucial. One of the first to address the ways humans have come to dominate the biosphere was Vitousek et alRead MoreExplain Why Is Anthropogenic Activities Surrounding Deforestation The Primary Drive Of Global Climate Change839 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom several different perspectives. There is evidence to support both opinions on this topic it is created by natural or humans activates. So, is anthropogenic activities surrounding deforestation th e primary drive of global climate change? Carbon cycle Carbon is an important part of all living things on earth. The carbon cycle is a way for nature to recycle and store this important element. The carbon cycle works when humans breathe in the oxygen and breathe out carbon called CO2. Plants workRead MoreThe Effects Of Deforestation On The Earth756 Words   |  4 Pagesaudience to make a change to help the earth. Please, stop deforestation. Attention- Did you know that in approximately one-hundred years forests will be a thing of the past? Due to deforestation, it is estimated that forests will be extinct by 2116. Deforestation is when large amounts of trees, such as forests, are cut down or removed. This practice has a negative effect on the Earth overall. It has, for example, a negative impact on the land because deforestation harms the soil. In effect, it mayRead MoreDeforestation Is The Real Consequences Of Deforestation1231 Words   |  5 Pagesof time. What can be conceived as just a patch of land is really an immense part of life on earth. The plants in a forest produce oxygen for humans as well as all other creatures. This land also provides a home for natural wildlife. But what would Earth look like without these forests? If the rate of deforestation continues to increase then we may have to find out the answer to that question. Deforestation is a recurring global problem which is the act of tearing down a forest to use the land forRead MoreWhat ´s Deforestation?1049 Words   |  4 PagesDeforestation is defined in the dictionary as the â€Å"removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is converted to a non forest use.† Common examples of deforestation include turning forestland to farms, ranches, or for urban use such as malls and housing. Forests still cover about thirty percent of the world’s land area, but according to National Geographic, â€Å"swaths the size of Panama are lost each and every year.† The world’s rain forests could completely vanish in a hundred  years at the currentRead MoreEssay about The Impact of Deforestation668 Words   |  3 PagesDeforestation is a serious issue in today’s world. What once was a green Earth is now becoming a desolate land mold that is losing one of its main attributes: forests. Similar to Rachel Carson’s perception, the Earth was once full of lavish forests and is slowly deteriorating into empty, unappealing land. Centuries ago, Earth was covered in forests. â€Å"†¦The whole country, full of woods and thickets...† (Bradford) was the average for settlers in the 1800s. They had grown accustomed to the full lushRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest1093 Words   |  5 Pagesof the earth is approximately thirty percent (â€Å"Deforestation†). That is about nine percent of the world’s total surface. The largest rainforest is the Amazon River Basin, located in South America. The Amazon is home to many species of animals, insects, plants and trees. Many of the trees and plants in the Amazon produce about twenty percent of the oxygen on earth, and absorb carbon. However, the Amazon is decreasing in size every day due to the ongoing deforestation of the land. Deforestation is whenRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Big Problem1320 Words   |  6 PagesChandler Easter Mrs. Gallos English 3 Global Warming Global warming is a big problem and impacts our environment in a negative way because it is heating the Earth. Global warming impacts all of the life around us even though not many people recognize it. There are many problems that global warming will make to our environment and it has already impacted it over time. Although, there are many problems, there are also solutions to stop global warming. Climate change is most closely related to global

Edward Bernays, Father of Public Relations and Propaganda

Edward Bernays was an American business consultant who is widely regarded as having created the modern profession of public relations with his groundbreaking campaigns of the 1920s. Bernays attained clients among major corporations and became known for boosting their business by causing changes in public opinion. Advertising was already commonplace by the early 20th century. But what Bernays did with his campaigns was significantly different, as he didnt openly seek to promote a particular product the way a typical ad campaign would. Instead, when hired by a company, Bernays would set out to change the opinions of the general public, creating demand which would indirectly boost the fortunes of a particular product. Fast Facts: Edward Bernays Born: November 22, 1891 in Vienna AustriaDied: March 9, 1995 in Cambridge, MassachusettsParents: Ely Bernays and Anna FreudSpouse: Doris Fleishman (married 1922)Education: Cornell UniversityNotable Published Works: Crystallizing Public Opinion (1923),  Propaganda  (1928),  Public Relations  (1945),  The Engineering of Consent  (1955)Famous Quote: Whatever of social importance is done today, whether in politics, finance, manufacture, agriculture, charity, education, or other fields, must be done with the help of propaganda. (from his 1928 book Propaganda) Some of Bernays public relations campaigns failed, but some were so successful that he was able to create a thriving business. And, making no secret of his family relationship to Sigmund Freud—he was the nephew of the pioneering psychoanalyst—his work had the veneer of scientific respectability. Bernays was often portrayed as the father of propaganda, a title he did not mind. He maintained that propaganda was a laudable and necessary component of democratic government. Early Life Edward L. Bernays was born on November 22, 1891, in Vienna, Austria. His family emigrated to the United States a year later, and his father became a successful grain merchant on the New York commodity exchanges. His mother, Anna Freud, was the younger sister of Sigmund Freud. Bernays did not grow up in contact with Freud directly, though as a young man he did visit him. Its unclear how much Freud influenced his work in the publicity business, but Bernays was never shy about the connection and it no doubt helped him attract clients. After growing up in Manhattan, Bernays attended Cornell University. It was his fathers idea, as he believed his son would also enter the grain business and a degree from Cornells prestigious agriculture program would be helpful. Bernays was an outsider at Cornell, which was largely attended by the sons of farming families. Unhappy with the career path chosen for him, he graduated from Cornell intent on becoming a journalist. Back in Manhattan, he became the editor of a medical journal. Early Career His position at the Medical Review of Reviews led to his first foray into public relations. He heard that an actor wanted to produce a play that was controversial, as it dealt with the subject of venereal disease. Bernays offered to help and essentially turned the play into a cause, and a success, by creating what he called the Sociological Fund Committee, which enlisted notable citizens to praise the play. After that first experience, Bernays began working as a press agent and built a thriving business. During World War I he was rejected for military service due to his poor vision, but he offered his public relations services to the U.S. government. When he joined the governments Committee of Public Information, he enlisted American companies doing business overseas to distribute literature about Americas reasons for entering the war. After the end of the war, Bernays traveled to Paris as part of a government public relations team at the Paris Peace Conference. The trip went badly for Bernays, who found himself in conflict with other officials. Despite that, he came away having learned a valuable lesson, which was that wartime work changing public opinion on a grand scale could have civilian applications. Noteworthy Campaigns Following the war, Bernays continued in the public relations business, seeking out major clients. An early triumph was a project for President Calvin Coolidge, who projected a stern and humorless image. Bernays arranged for performers, including Al Jolson, to visit Coolidge at the White House. Coolidge was portrayed in the press as having fun, and weeks later he won the election of 1924. Bernays, of course, took credit for changing the publics perception of Coolidge. One of the most famous Bernays campaigns was while working for the American Tobacco Company in the late 1920s. Smoking had caught on among American women in the years following World War I, but the habit carried a stigma and only a fraction of Americans found it acceptable for women to smoke, especially in public. Bernays began by spreading the idea, through various means, that smoking was an alternative to candy and desserts and that tobacco helped people lose weight. He followed that up in 1929 with something more audacious: spreading the idea that cigarettes meant freedom. Bernays had gotten the idea from consulting with a New York psychoanalyst who happened to be a disciple of his uncle, Dr. Freud. Bernays was informed that women of the late 1920s were seeking freedom, and smoking represented that freedom. To find a way to convey that concept to the public, Bernays hit upon the stunt of having young women smoke cigarettes while strolling in the annual Easter Sunday parade on Fifth Avenue in New York City. Scene at 1929 Freedom Torches event arranged by Edward Bernays.   Getty Images The event was carefully organized and essentially scripted. Debutantes were recruited to be the smokers, and they were carefully positioned near particular landmarks, such as St. Patricks Cathedral. Bernays even arranged for a photographer to shoot images just in case any newspaper photographers missed the shot. The next day, the New York Times published a story on the annual Easter celebrations and a sub-headline on page one read: Group of Girls Puff at Cigarettes as a Gesture of Freedom. The article noted about a dozen young women strolled back and forth near St. Patricks Cathedral, ostentatiously smoking cigarettes. When interviewed, the women said the cigarettes were torches of freedom that were lighting the way to the day when women would smoke on the street as casually as men. The tobacco company was happy with the results, as sales to women accelerated. A wildly successful campaign was devised by Bernays for a longtime client, Procter Gamble for its Ivory Soap brand. Bernays devised a way of making children like soap by initiating soap carving contests. Children (and adults, too) were encouraged to whittle bars of Ivory and the contests became a national fad. A newspaper article in 1929 about the companys fifth annual soap sculpture contest mentioned that $1,675 in prize money was being awarded, and many contestants were adults and even professional artists. The contests continued for decades (and instructions for soap sculpture are still part of Procter Gamble promotions). Influential Author Bernays had started in public relations as a press agent for various performers, but by the 1920s he saw himself as a strategist who was elevating the entire business of public relations into a profession. He preached his theories on shaping public opinion at university lectures and also published books, including Crystallizing Public Opinion (1923) and Propaganda (1928). He later wrote memoirs of his career. His books were influential, and generations of public relations professionals have referred to them. Bernays, however, came in for criticism. He was denounced by the magazine Editor and Publisher as the young Machiavelli of our time, and he was often criticized for operating in deceptive ways. Legacy Bernays has been widely regarded as a pioneer in the field of public relations, and many of his techniques have become commonplace. For instance, the Bernays practice of forming interest groups to advocate for something is reflected daily in the commentators on cable television who represent interest groups and think tanks that seem to exist to confer respectability. Often speaking out in retirement, Bernays, who lived to the age of 103 and died in 1995, was often critical of those who seemed to be his heirs. He told the New York Times, in an interview conducted in honor of his 100th birthday, that any dope, any nitwit, any idiot, can call him or herself a public relations practitioner. However, he said he would be happy to be called the father of public relations when the field is taken seriously, like law or architecture. Sources: Edward L. Bernays. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed., vol. 2, Gale, 2004, pp. 211-212. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Bernays, Edward L. The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, edited by Kenneth T. Jackson, et al., vol. 4: 1994-1996, Charles Scribners Sons, 2001, pp. 32-34. Gale Virtual Reference Library.

Professional School Counseling - 3972 Words

Abstract Over the years experts have studied the history and developmental aspects of the professional school counseling field. This paper will give an introduction to professional school counseling and the importance of the field as it relate to counseling. Major themes that are attached to the field of professional school counseling are relevant in their duties and a few are listed with their meaning, important identified clients, what counselors do to help in the situation, and the outcome for client intervention. The 5 themes are character education, bullying, social-conflict, academics, and mental illness. Additionally, this paper will include important elements of school counselor identity, function and ethics. A section of the†¦show more content†¦Professional school counselors are employed in elementary, middle/junior high and high schools; in district supervisory positions; and counselor education positions. Professional school counselors uphold the ethical and professional standards of ASCA and other applicable professional counseling associations, and promote the development of the school counseling program based on the following areas of the ASCA National Model: Foundation, delivery, management and accountability. Five Aspects In professional school counseling there are many themes that are related to area of concern in the school and the community. Counselors are to identify the needs of the students and think of programs that could help address these problems. Some of the major problems are character education, bullying, social-conflict, academics and mental illnesses. We will explain these problems in more details in the next five paragraphs. Character Education is schools creating ethical, responsible and caring young people by demonstrating and educating good character on values that are shared throughout the universe. It is the school’s quest to develop the student’s coreShow MoreRelatedThe Professional School Counselor Is Responsible For Delivering A Well Organize School Counseling Program2238 Words   |  9 PagesLong gone are the days when school counselors concentrated on providing guidance to students solely for the purpose of graduation preparation and course selection. The professional school counselor is responsible for delivering a well-organize school counseling program that aims at helping students reach successes. The program is held accountable for managing the needs and concerns for all students. The school counselor is seen as a leader and therefore, parents, school staff, community members andRead MoreAmerican Counseling Association For Counseling Professionals Essay810 Words   |   4 PagesAmerican Counseling Association The American Counseling Association (ACA) is the most sizeable worldwide association for counseling professionals (American Counseling Association., n.d.). The American Counseling Association (ACA) is a nonprofit organization (American Counseling Association., n.d.). The American Counseling Association (ACA) is based out of Alexandria, VA (American Counseling Association., n.d.). It was founded in 1952, by the convergence of four different associations in LosRead MoreProfessional Identity Paper1699 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ The Professional Identity of a Counselor-in-Training COUN5004 The Professional Identity of a Counselor-in-Training What is professional identity? Is it the philosophies that a professional holds regarding their profession? Is it the roles and characteristics that are required in a listing of their job description? Or is it related to the resources available for a working professional to continually develop their skills within their profession? Professional identity is all of theseRead MoreSchool Counseling Is A Profession With Diverse Perceptions About The Identity Of A School Counselor1239 Words   |  5 Pages School counseling is a profession with diverse perceptions about the identity of a school counselor. Therefore, this confusion inhibits establishing a unified definition of a school counselor. Imprecise information such as, the term guidance counselor, assumed job duties and history play a role in the failure to discover a coherent description of a school counselor. Counselor’s Identity The term, guidance contributes to the misunderstanding in distinguishing the difference between a guidance counselorRead More The Identity of a Professional Counselor 1777 Words   |  7 Pagescounselor’s professional identity. The identity of a professional counselor may present numerous differences based on the specialization of counseling, as well as, overall identity factors that remain the same across the entire counseling spectrum. The paper examines key philosophies of the counseling profession which include: wellness, resilience, and prevention and how these philosophies impact the counseling profession. Next it will discuss the characteristics of an effective professional counselorRead MoreEssay on Philosophy of School Counseling1076 Words   |  5 Pagesothers as they can become. As a professional school counselor, I can provide the incentive for positive change. Every person needs to feel that he or she amounts to something, that there are great possibilities o r great expectations. Each person is capable and worthwhile given the right opportunities and chance to overcome past mistakes. People change when they are given hope, encouragement, and a way out of the troubles that consume them. As a professional school counselor, I have the opportunityRead MoreSchool Counseling Is A Profession With Diverse Perceptions About The Identity Of A School Counselor1239 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment Two School counseling is a profession with diverse perceptions about the identity of a school counselor. Therefore, this confusion inhibits establishing a unified definition of a school counselor. Imprecise information such as, the term guidance counselor, assumed job duties and history play a role in the failure to discover a coherent description of a school counselor. Counselor’s Identity The term, guidance contributes to the misunderstanding in distinguishing the difference betweenRead MoreWhat You Need To Know About School Counseling. Brett Smith.1707 Words   |  7 Pages What You Need to Know About School Counseling Brett Smith Limestone College Introduction to Counseling Ms. Deal February 19, 2017 Abstract This paper explores the main characteristics of the school counseling career. To understand school counseling its history must be visited when it began in the 1800’s. This paper goes through the steps of licensure, education requirements, and typical therapy techniques adopted by today’s school counselors. To fully understand how to be the best atRead MoreThe Professional Identity of a Mental Health Counselor1583 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ The Professional Identity of a Mental Health Counselor Trineequa Gilbert Capella University Introduction The professional identity of a mental health counselor is extremely important. When it comes to finding your professional identity, it is important to weigh out all options to make sure that the profession that is chosen, is what one would see themselves doing for a long time. It is more so of asking oneself if they feel they qualify for the careerRead MoreDeveloping Your Professional Identity Is Good For Any Profession1099 Words   |  5 Pages Developing your Professional Identity An effective professional identity is good for any profession, especially a counseling profession. When a person develops a professional identity it says who they are and what they stand for in that profession. It also says they know about that profession and could tell another anything they would like to know about that profession. When a person knows about there profession they can answer any questions they have about that profession. In this paper the author

Digital Forensic Case Study Complete Solution by Top Experts

Question - Write a case study on Digital Forensic methodology? Contents Executive Summary. Introduction. Global Finance Background and Concern. Digital Forensic Methodology. Scope of the Case. Digital Forensic Methodology Approach. Investigation Process. PHASE 1 - COLLECTING THE RESOURCES. Volatile Data Capture. Non- Volatile Data Capture. PHASE 2: EXAMINATION.. File System Examination. Windows Registry Examination. Network Forensic Examination. Database Forensic Examination. PHASE 3 - ANALYSIS. PHASE 4 - FINDINGS. PHASE 5 REPORT. CONCLUSON.. REFERENCES. Executive Summary Global Finance company stands to be one of the largest finance company, providing the investment, superannuation and retirement services in Australia. It has a wider range of clients right from individuals to the corporation and superannuation fund investors. Very soon the company has widened its services throughout the globe with information technology support and strives to overcome the security challenges of the company. Introduction Global Finance company experiences a suspect or compromise of the information in one managers computer, working in the Queensland branch. Information security officer is accountable to this challenge and enforced an investigation audit team to investigate the source of the compromise to overcome the challenge. Global Finance Background and Concern The Global Finance Company is in the following state as considered by the audit team. Global Finance is a huge international player company with more than 10,000 employees employed throughout the world, with sector interests. The concern with the security is the compromise of the managers computer, in one of its branches in Australia. Global Finance company has been spread worldwide with the support of information technology. Networking and application infrastructure in the branch offices are missing after 2000, so the there is flat network environment with no access restrictions. Servers and workstations in the head office and all the branch offices are based on Microsoft Windows. Implementation of the network segmentation and firewall is poor. Though instruction detection and logging detection are existing, these are not regularly used. Head office has the necessary information technology infrastructure and technology with potential investigative and forensic capabilities. Information security officer has initiated the investigation by enforcing an audit team for digital forensic investigation. Auditing team has got the responsibilities of digital forensic analysis, documentation and presentation of the same to the information security officer. Digital Forensic Methodology Digital forensic investigation methodology is recommended and employed by the information security officer, as the methodology can find and reveal the source of compromise of the managers computer, by detecting all the workstations and networking among them. Digital forensic investigation methodology involves the sub tasks of data recovery, in case if any of the potential data is lost and network forensic to find if there is any compromise caused through the network. Before the investigation started by the audit team, they need to follow the following principles. Data present in the media should not be modified and the data has to be presented as is to the information security officer. Each team member of the audit must be well acquainted with enough expertise to ensure that the data is handled safely, without loss. The team has to preserve all the relevant documented information done, during the investigation. The whole and sole accountable person in this investigation is the information security officer, so everything has to be communicated and submitted to the information security officer. Scope of the Case Digital forensic investigation done in the Global Finance company has the following scope. Identification of any malicious activities and investigation of 5ws or why, when, what, where and who Identifying the security lapse in the network Identification of all possible digital evidence within the network Finding and estimating the impact of the investigation, if the compromise happened Identification of the legal procedure, in case the misconduct is found illegal The extent of investigation and further security steps are taken by the information security officer, who is whole and sole accountable person Digital Forensic Methodology Approach There are many digital forensic methodology approaches followed according to the situation, so there is no one common approach that fits all the cases. In the case of the compromise of the branch of the Global Finance company, the approach recommended is FSFP or Four Step Forensics Process. The approach has the following processes. The arrow is the indication of preservation of the document evidence throughout the process. Investigation Process Digital forensic investigation is done in the following phases. PHASE 1 - COLLECTING THE RESOURCES Collection consists of identification, labeling and recording the data from all the sources possible, followed by the maintaining the integrity of the data. Data is primarily collected as both volatile and non volatile data. The same LAN connection is to be used to access the forensic workstation of the manager and other workstations. Server of managers computer is taken as the target in this case. Microsoft Windows software is run in this server. To hear from the server, cryptcatp tool is used. The team creates toolset optical drive and opened through a trusted console, comd.exe. The following statements are then executed. Cryptcat 6543 k key Use the following command, for the data capture from the forensic workstation. Cryptcat -1 p 6543 k key Other tools that can be used here are the graphical user interface tools, like Process Explorer, Tcpview and Rootkit Revealer. The other Windows based tools used to capture the data are, Ipconfig for collection of the subject system details HBGrays fastDump to acquire the local physical memory Doskey or history - for collection of command history HBGrays F-Response to acquire remote physical memory Netfile for identification of the drivers and services Netusers and qusers for identification of the logged in user information Other potential data is collected from the clipboard. Other potential data is network connection present, running processes and network data. Volatile Data Capture Volatile data capture involves the data collection from the RAM, registry and cache memory. Non- Volatile Data Capture Potential non volatile data collection involves the collection of the antivirus logs, database logs, windows event logs, IDS logs, domain controller logs, application logs, firewall logs and other online data. Collection of the non volatile data is also called as forensic imaging. The non volatile data collection involves data present in the hard disc and other removable discs, like flash drives, USB drives, CD, DVD, memory cards, remote hard drives and remote computers, in the form of MS Outlook, MS Word and Spreadsheet. Collection continues with the other computers, switches, network topology documentation, network diagrams, routers and servers. Live networking traffic can clue very significant and potential digital data for the investigation. Forensic imaging involves copy of the entire non volatile data from the mangers system and no further alterations are to be done. Various tools used for forensic imaging are FTK, EnCase and ProDiscover with write block. Forensic imaging is better than the hard disc cloning, as it copies the integrated data that includes the metadata, which is significant in the investigation. The audit team does both this offline data and other online data using the tools, ethereal and Wireshrk tools. All the collected data is well documented by the audit team. PHASE 2: EXAMINATION After the digital data collection is done, examination is conducted using forensic investigation tools. Investigation is done for the managers computer, as the following. File System Examination New Technology File System disc or NTFS disc file has MFT or Master File Table information. MFT has all the files and disc crucial information. MFT contains the metadata of the files, which are existing and deleted, noted by the operating system. The data in file is stored as c: echo text_mass file1.txt:file2.txt The following command is used to retrieve the above, c:more file1.txt:file2.txt virus is also another potential data malfunction and so has to be considered for investigation. Windows Registry Examination Windows registry logs can reveal modification of the file information according to the time, lastwrite registry details, precise data in a database for the user application along with the hardware device reference point. The Windows registry structure is HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT HKEY_USERS HKEY_CURRENT_USER HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE The important keys and values are, User Activity: user performed actions and activities over the managers computer can be accessed through HKEY_CURRENT_USER Autostart : This registry is a set that is launched without initiation of the user. MRU or Most Recent Used List: to keep track of the current activities. Other important clues are USB Removable storage, UserAssit, Wireless SSIDs, etc. Network Forensic Examination Tracking of packet forensics or packet mining is tracked via the network to track the network traffic like mails, browsing history, queries, etc. Network forensic tools can be applied in one of the two ways, security related and the other is forensic data according to the enforcement of the law. The team uses many network forensic tools and techniques to discrete investigated data like registry information, process listing, service listing, system information, logged on users, registry users, network connections and binary memory dump to explore and investigate. Packet sniffers help identifying and mapping the fingerprinting, web services and email communication, etc. Database Forensic Examination Database data is tracked through the queries for data identification and then preserved to analyze. IP addresses are tracked for remote connections. Database transactions are tracked though Data Manipulation and Data Definition Languages, DML and DDL. Customized file configuration is used to execute Database Consistency Checker and Distributed Management Views towards intrusion explosion. PHASE 3 - ANALYSIS Detailed data analysis is done after considering each of the digital evidence data. The analysis includes the following actiivites. Unusual application requests Looking the unusual and hidden files along with unusually opened sockets Malicious activies Complete analysis for memory Unusual accounts Malware analysis Complete analysis of timeline Patching level system Updated levels Complete analysis of file systems Complete analysis of event correlation The crucial malware analysis includes various tasks within, like, examining the logs, prefetch examination, search of known malware using either dynamic or static analysis. PHASE 4 - FINDINGS After the analysis the findings are summarized as, Identification of the compromise of the managers computer Identification of persistent remote access or direct access by the attacker Installing OS patch if not done in the target computer Malware that is suspected PHASE 5 REPORT Investigation is done over the managers computer and all other computers and computing devices present in the branch office. Audit team creates a formal report and then submitted to the information security officer. Final Report Purpose The report has the purpose of submission of the formal investigated information, related to the sources of compromise occurred to the managers and all other computers. Author of the Report Information Security Officer Incident Summary All the source of the compromise that are found and suspected on managers computer. Digital Evidences All relevant log files and other potential digital evidences found in the investigation Analysis Analysis of the sources of the compromise Conclusion The managers computer is digitally investigated for the sources of compromise, along with the and other computers in the regional office Supporting Documents Volatile, non- volatile data, registry info, log info and the reports generated from the tools. CONCLUSON The suspected managers or targeted computer is completely digitally investigated using digital forensic technology, from the Queensland branch office and finally the formal report is being submitted to the information security officer. References Cyber Forensic Investigation Plan, International Journal of Advance Research (2008), UOAR.org, Volume 1, Issue 1, accessed on 9 January, 2015. 7safe, (2013) Good Practice Guide for Computer-Based Electronic Evidence. Siti Rahayu Selamat, Robiah Yusof, Shahrin Sahib (2008), Mapping Process of Digital Forensic Investigation Framework, JCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Securit, Vol 8. ACPO (2013), Good Practice Guide for Computer-Based Electronic Evidence, V4.0 Aquilina, M.J., (2003), Malware Forensics, Investigating and Analyzing Malicious Code, Syngress, Kenneth J. Zahn (2013), Case Study: 2012 DC3 Digital Forensic Challenge Basic Malware Analysis Exercise, GIAC (FREM) Gold Certification Fowler, K., (2007), Forensic Analysis of a SQL Server 2005 Database Server. Khanuja, H.K., and Adane, D.S., (2011), Database Security Threats and Challenges in Database Forensic: A Survey, IPCSIT vol.20 (2011), Singapore: IACSIT Press. John Ashcroft (2001), Electronic Crime Scene Investigation, A guide for First Responders, NIJ Guide M Reith, C Carr, G Gunsch (2002). "An examination of digital forensic models". International Journal of Digital Evidence Kent, K., et.al., (2006). Guide to Integrating Forensic Techniques into Incident Response, National Institute of Standards and Technology (Ed.) (Vol. 800-86): U.S. Department of Commerce. Richard Brian Adams (2012), The Advanced Data Acquisition Model (ADAM): A Process Model for Digital Forensic Practice Agarwal, A., Gupta, M., Gupta, S., Gupta, S. C. (2011). Systematic Digital Forensic Investigation Model, International Journal of Computer Science and Security, 5(1), 118-130. Shiner, D.L.D., and Cross, M., (2002), Scene of the Cybercrime, 2nd edn, Syncress: Burlington. Reino, A. (2012), Forensics of a Windows System, Roche. Armstrong, C. (2003), Mastering Computer Forensics. In C. Irvine H. Armstrong, Security Education and Critical Infrastructures Kluwer Academic Publishers.